How to Interpret an ECG Test: A Simple Guide for Patients

An ECG (Electrocardiogram) records the electrical activity of your heart. The printed graph may look confusing, but the basic parts are easy to understand. This guide explains the main waves and steps you can follow to get a clear idea of an ECG report—in simple, patient-friendly language.

What is an ECG Test?

An ECG measures the electrical signals produced when your heart beats. Small sticky pads (electrodes) are placed on your chest, arms, and legs. These record the heart’s activity and the machine produces a graph of waves that doctors use to check how your heart is working.

The Main Parts of an ECG and What They Mean

• P Wave — Shows the upper chambers (atria) contracting.
• QRS Complex — The main pumping action of the heart (ventricles contracting).
• T Wave — Shows the heart relaxing after each beat.
• PR Interval — Time for the signal to travel from the top to bottom chambers.
• ST Segment — A flat section. Changes here can indicate reduced blood flow or a heart attack.

Step-by-Step: How to Read an ECG (Simple Version)

1. Check the heart rate: Normal is 60–100 beats per minute. Above 100 is fast (tachycardia), below 60 is slow (bradycardia).
2. Look at rhythm: Are the beats evenly spaced? If yes — normal rhythm. If not — there may be an arrhythmia.
3. Check P waves: There should be a P wave before every QRS complex. If missing or abnormal, it may point to an atrial issue.
4. Examine QRS: Narrow and sharp is normal. A wide or distorted QRS can suggest a conduction problem.
5. Observe ST and T waves: ST should be flat and T wave upright in a normal ECG. ST elevation or depression needs urgent evaluation.

When to See a Doctor Immediately

Some findings on an ECG may be serious and require urgent care. These include:

• ST elevation — could indicate a heart attack.
• Irregular rhythm — such as atrial fibrillation.
• Very slow or very fast heart rate — may be due to conduction problems.
• Deep Q waves — may suggest a previous heart attack.

ECG Test at Home with GoodHealth21Diagnostics

At GoodHealth21Diagnostics, we offer ECG tests at home performed by trained technicians. Benefits of home ECG testing:

• No hospital visits – comfortable and safe at your home.
• Ideal for elderly patients and those with mobility issues.
• Quick digital reports and follow-up recommendations.

Book your ECG test at home

Key Takeaways

• An ECG checks the heart’s electrical activity and rhythm.
• Normal ECG has smooth P waves, sharp QRS complexes, and upright T waves.
• If you see worrying terms like ST elevation or irregular rhythm, contact a cardiologist right away.
• Home ECG from GoodHealth21Diagnostics offers convenience and reliable results.

Published by GoodHealth21Diagnostics. For medical advice, always consult a qualified healthcare professional.